Auschwitz subcamp system, Upper Silesia Item View. Auschwitz I camp, Selected Features 1. Camp Commandant's House 2. Main Guard House 3. Camp Administrative Office 4. Gestapo 5. Kitchen 7. Gas Chamber and Crematorium 8. Storage Buildings and Workshops 9. Storage of Confiscated Belongings Gravel Pit: Execution Site Camp Orchestra Site Block Punishment Bunker Block Medical Experiments Gallows These camps were specifically built near railway lines to make transportation easier.
Instead of vans, stationary gas chambers, labelled as showers, were built to murder people with carbon monoxide poisoning created using diesel engines. A concentration camp had been established at Majdanek in In the spring of , following the Wannsee Conference, the camp was adapted to become an extermination camp by the addition of gas chambers and crematoria.
Auschwitz-Birkenau was a complex, consisting of a concentration camp, a forced labour camp and an extermination camp. Eventually it had a network of more than 40 satellite camps. Following tests in September , the lethal gas Zyklon B was selected as the method of murder. Auschwitz initially had one gas chamber at the Auschwitz I camp, but this was soon expanded.
By , four new crematoria, with gas chambers attached, had been built in Auschwitz II. Approximately 1. Not everyone who arrived at the extermination camps was murdered on arrival. Some were selected for various work tasks to help the camp operations run smoothly. Jobs included sorting and processing the possessions of everyone who arrived at the camp, administrative work and heavy manual work. The majority of those selected for any kind of work within this type of camp would die within weeks or months of their arrival from lack of food, disease or overwork.
Those that survived were often killed after a short period and replaced with new arrivals. Over the course of the Holocaust, more than three million people were killed at extermination camps. To escape antisemitism in Germany, the Wiener family had moved to Amsterdam in In , Ruth was incarcerated in Westerbork transit camp and later Bergen-Belsen concentration camp with her mother and two sisters. At some camps inmates could still receive and send post.
The Red Cross facilitated many of these letters between countries at war with each other. This telegram was sent from Dr. Wilhelm Gross, who was incarcerated in Westerbork transit camp, to his daughter Dora Gross, who had escaped as a refugee to Britain.
Transit camps were camps where prisoners were briefly detained prior to deportation to other Nazi camps. Following the start of the Second World War , the Nazis occupied a number of countries. Here, they implemented antisemitic and racial policies as they had done in Germany. There were also four main extermination camps -- Belzec, Chelmno, Sobibor and Treblinka -- devoted solely to killing everyone who passed through their gates.
Treblinka nearly rivaled Auschwitz in the sheer number of people who were murdered there. Between , and , people were killed at Treblinka in Poland, , died at Sobibor, at least , were murdered at Chelmno, and about , Jews were killed at Belzec. In all, about 6 million Jews and millions of others died in the Holocaust.
But the exact numbers of dead will probably never be known, nor will the total number of people held prisoner in Nazi camps. Auschwitz environs, summer Auschwitz was the largest camp established by the Germans. Auschwitz I camp, Selected Features 1.
Camp Commandant's House 2. Main Guard House 3. Camp Administrative Office 4. Gestapo 5. Kitchen 7. Gas Chamber and Crematorium 8. Storage Buildings and Workshops 9. Storage of Confiscated Belongings Gravel Pit: Execution Site Camp Orchestra Site Block Punishment Bunker Block Medical Experiments
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